AP Lit Essay Sample Responses - How to Organize Your Essay

AP Lit Essay Sample Responses - How to Organize Your EssayThere are many different AP Lit essay sample responses that you can use to help you decide what response best suits your needs. You need to be aware of all the samples you have available to help you with this process. This is also the reason why you should really think about the best strategy for implementing your responses in your final essay.The same goes for the essay that you submit to the AP Lit exam. Since you need to write your essay at a certain point in time, it is only reasonable that you check out the possible options that you have and then choose one from them.As a student who has a lot of different options, you will soon discover that the essay has lots of different components of different kinds. Some of these components may even include questions that you have to answer. This might not seem like a big deal but keep in mind that these components will form the core of your essay.Once you have decided which of the c omponents will form the theme of your essay, the next thing you need to do is figure out how you will incorporate the different components. For instance, if you are writing a debate essay, you will have to figure out which question or questions you will answer first. Then you will have to make sure that you answer the same question second and so on.This will make it easy for you to organize your essay properly so that it will look organized. The same applies for any AP Lit essay sample responses. You must get yourself organized so that you can work on your essay in the most efficient manner possible.Another thing that you should consider when composing your essay is to make sure that you add a little spice into your essay. In other words, you can add elements of humor into your essay by using some sort of comic strip or by adding some light quotes from literature. If you want to make your essay funny, you can use a lot of colorful words and phrases.However, you need to keep in mind that doing this will only make your essay look funny if you use enough of the little elements. Also, make sure that you avoid using too much humor in your essay because there is no rule saying that you have to use it all the time.Finally, as a student who has a lot of different essays to choose from, you need to keep in mind that it is only appropriate that you select an essay sample that suits your topic. You should also see if there are any sample essays available that can help you get an idea of what to write.

Problems and Prospects of Capital Market in Bd Essay Example

Problems and Prospects of Capital Market in Bd Essay Problems and Prospects of Capital Market In Bangladesh What is Capital Market? A capital market is a market for securities (debt or equity), where business enterprises (companies) and governments can raise long-term funds. It is defined as a market in which money is provided for periods longer than a year, as the raising of short-term funds takes place on other markets (e. g., the money market). The capital market includes the stock market (equity securities) and the bond market (debt). Financial regulators, such as Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for Bangladesh or for the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) oversee the capital markets in their designated jurisdictions to ensure that investors are protected against fraud, among other duties. Capital markets may be classified as primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets, new stock or bond issues are sold to investors via a mechanism known as underwriting. In the secondary markets, existing securities are sold and bought among investors or traders, usually on a securities exchange, over-the-counter, or elsewhere. What is stock? Stock is a security issued in the form of shares that represent ownership interests in a company. There is both common stock (often simply called stock, shares, or equity) and preferred stock. Common stock holders elect the companys board of directors and actively participate in the companys success (or failure) through a rising (or falling) stock price. Common stock holders may also receive dividends, provided the company is profitable, obligations to commercial creditors and bondholders have been met, and the board sees fit to declare them. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems and Prospects of Capital Market in Bd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problems and Prospects of Capital Market in Bd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problems and Prospects of Capital Market in Bd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer How can it be traded? For example if you want to transfer your part of ownership of the firm to other then you should sell the deed of ownership to someone else. In that case, you have to maintain some papers. For example, a sale deed will be signed and the deed will be registered in government registry office. In case of stock when you buy stock/share of a certain company you will be given a share certificate. This certificate certifies that you own that much part of the company. In addition, you have to register your ownership certificate with companys register. However, due to some problems with paper certificate (such as copied certificate, maintenance of huge paper certificates) a new system of electronic stock (dematerialized share) is made. In this system, your stock is preserved in an electronic system rather delivering you the paper shares. Moreover, you do not need to register your ownership. The ownership is automatically transferred to you and preserved in an automatic system. This system is called Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL). What is stock exchange? A stock exchange is an entity which provides trading facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities as well as other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. The securities traded on a stock exchange include: shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it has to be listed there. Usually there is a central location at least for recordkeeping, but trade is less and less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which give them advantages of speed and cost of transactions. For example Dhaka Stock Exchange has a electronic trading system called TESA and Chittagong Stock Exchange has an electronic trading system called VECTOR. These two systems work as an arrangement to help buy/sell of listed securities. Capital Market Participants: The participants of capital market are mainly those who have a surplus of funds and those who have a deficit of funds. The persons having surplus money want to invest in capital market in hope of getting high returns on their investment. On the other hand, people with fund deficit try to get financing from the capital market by selling stocks and bonds. These two kinds of activities keep the capital market going. Surplus Unit: Surplus Unit has enough funds over all of their liabilities to invest in the capital market. It may broadly be classified into two investors (i) Individual Investors; (ii) Institutional Investors. i)Individual Investors: Individual Investors participate in the capital market through purchasing Govt. Bonds Notes, Public Limited Co. ’s shares, or mutual funds. (ii)Institutional Investors: When the institutional investors have surplus funds that are not needed for a short time period, they seek to make money from their cash surplus by purchasing securities from the market. Institutional Investors may be Commercial Banks, Insurance Companies, Leasing Companies, Investment C orporation Bank (ICB), Asset Management Companies, and various other companies. Deficit Unit: Deficit Unit usually takes loans or capital by selling bonds or shares to the surplus Unit to arrange necessary funds for investment in different promising business. Deficit group may further be classified into two groups (i) Government; (ii) Public Limited companies. (i)Government: The Government of Bangladesh always experiences its expending requirements exceed their tax revenues. To balance this difference, it needs to collect fund through borrowing. Government also borrows on behalf of nationalized industries, municipalities, local authorities and other public sector bodies. It can borrow by selling Treasury Bonds and Treasury Notes to the surplus Unit through capital market. (ii)Public Limited Companies: Public Limited Companies arrange their equity capital and debt capital by selling shares bonds or debentures respectively to the surplus unit for the purpose of fund modernization or future business expansion. DIAGRAM OF FINANCIAL MARKET Dhaka Stock Exchange Dhaka Stock Exchange (Generally known as DSE) is the main stock exchange of Bangladesh. It is located in Motijheel at the heart of the Dhaka city. It was incorporated in 1954. Dhaka stock exchange is the first stock exchange of the country. The management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members Board of Director. Among them 12 are elected from DSE members, another 12 are selected from different trade bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex-officio member of the board. As of January 20, 2010, the Dhaka Stock Exchange had 444 listed securities with a combined market capitalization of TK. 2,049. 34 billion. Chittagong Stock Exchange BACKGROUND The Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) began its journey in 10th October of 1995 from Chittagong City through the cry-out trading system with the promise to create a state-of-the art bourse in the country. Founder members of the proposed Chittagong Stock Exchange approached the Bangladesh Government in January 1995 and obtained the permission of the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 1995 for establishing the countrys second stock exchange. The Exchange comprised of twelve Board members, presided by Mr. Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury (MP) and run by an independent secretariat from the very first day of its inception. CSE was formally opened by then Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh on November 4, 1995. As of January 20, 2010, the Chittagong Stock Exchange had 227 listed securities with a combined market capitalization of TK. 1,640 billion. The key Indicators of DSE and CSE are shown in the following table: (as of January20, 2010) Sl. No. Indicators DSECSE 01. Total No. of Listed Companies 282209 02. Total No. of listed Mutual Fund 1816 03. Total No. of listed Bond Debenture1362 04. Total No. of Listed Securities (01+02+03)436227 05. Total No. of shares4,428,589,137414,612,267 06. Total Issued Capital (Share)TK. 230. 62 billionTK. 223 billion 07. Total Market Capitalization (TK. )TK. 2,049. 34 billion. TK. 1,640 billion. 08. Total Market Capitalization (US $)29. 36 billion23. 5 billion 09. General IndexDGEN 4956. 73CSCX 9346. 70 The Potentiality of the Bangladesh Capital Market The capital market is the engine of growth for an economy, and performs a critical role in acting as an intermediary between savers and companies seeking additional financing for business expansion. Vibrant capital is likely to support a robust economy. While lending by commercial banks provides valuable initial support for corporate growth, a developed stock market is an important pre-requisite for moving into a more mature growth phase with more sophisticated conglomerates. Today, with a US $ 89. 04 billion (TK. 6149. 43 billion)economy and per capita income of roughly US $621, Bangladesh should really focus on improving governance and developing advanced market products, such as derivatives, swaps etc. Despite a challenging political environment and widespread poverty, Bangladesh has achieved significant milestones on the social development side. With growth reaching 5. 8 percent in 2009, the economy has accelerated to an impressive level. It is noteworthy that the leading global investment banks, Citi, Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan and Merrill Lynch have all identified Bangladesh as a key investment opportunity. The Dhaka Stock Exchange Index is at a 10-year high, however, the capital market in Bangladesh is still underdeveloped, and its development is imperative for full realization of the countrys development potential. It is encouraging to see that the capital market of Bangladesh is growing, albeit at a slower pace than many would like, with market development still at a nascent stage. The market has seen a lot of developments since the inception of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1993. After the bubble burst of 1996, the capital market has attracted a lot more attention, importance and awareness, which have led to the infrastructure we have in the market today. The Recent Surge in the Capital Market The Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange Index was at a 10-year high in the 2009 year end. DSE General Index rose at 4,800 and CSE SCX rose at 8560 in the year end of 2009 which made it Asias one of the top performers. The steady investment atmosphere prevailing throughout 2009 is considered one of the main reasons behind this surge. Good return prospects, stable market growth, and uninterrupted trading as a result of political stability attracted foreign investors to invest in local securities. The banking sector, followed by the power, pharmaceutical and cement sectors, received the most foreign investment. The government has also attracted investors by pledging to sell securities of state enterprises. The state-owned companies Jamuna Oil Ltd, Meghna Petroleum Ltd, and Titas Gas Ltd debuted in the bourses in 2008. The P/E ratio now stands at least 20x as compared to 14.1x for emerging markets. It seems sustainable if the planned big IPOs of a few SOEs and the other telecom companies like Grameen Phone Ltd. take place in the market. More such large issues are required, which can emerge out of the energy, infrastructure and public sectors. Challenges Ahead of the Capital Market 1. Information Asymmetry Access to credible information is restricted Retail investors lack dedicated investment process infrastructure. Forced to look to brokers for advice that may consist of market rumors. Syndicate of large investors manipulate the market through price inflation, pump and dump strategies. 2. Supply Side Constraints Lack of fundamentally sound scrips as companies prefer traditional bank finance to capital markets Need to encourage listing of good scrips in the market. Reducing supply side constraints generates liquidity, reducing scope for price manipulation. 3. Lack of Professional Portfolio Management Ratio of institutional-to-retail investors remains low Institutional investors bring stability through non speculative long term investments. Listing of more mutual funds can be a starting point to increasing institutional activity. 4. Valuation Disparity Value of scrips is subject to speculative trading rather than sound fundamentals, resulting in market volatility Education of investors, overall development of capital markets through time can address this issue. 5. Lack of a Formal Debt Market Bangladesh does not have established secondary debt market Markets are unable to provide short term financing solutions to corporations, i. e., commercial paper. Listing of debt instruments from quality issuers and institutional trading can increase activity. Introduction of BASEL II guidelines by Bangladesh Bank likely to encourage banks to raise capital through debt instruments in 2010. 6. Quality Research and Analysis Development of quality equity research in the country is yet to match the growth of local capital markets Quality research increases investor awareness, reducing speculative trading and market volatility. 7. Central Co-ordination of Regulators Top down co-ordination between Bangladesh Bank, SEC and related bodies would: Streamline regulatory processes. Reduce time required for quality issuers and new capital markets products to reach mark. Recent Regulations and Opportunity Space in the Capital Market 1. Strengthening of Surveillance Following the stock market crash of 1996, measures have been taken to prevent future incidents of the sort Constant market surveillance by the SEC. Increasing standards of corporate governance. Dematerialization of Trading. Focus on investor education – establishment of Capital Markets Institute. 2. Introduction of BASEL II Guidelines Introduction of BASEL II guidelines by Bangladesh Bank likely to encourage banks to raise capital through debt instruments in 2010 Issuance of debt and equity by banks through capital markets likely to generate increasing liquidity. 3. Introduction of Book building / Price Discovery Introduction of book building is a big step towards developing Bangladesh capital markets Book building reduces risk of undervaluation for issuers. Ensures fair pricing by factoring in demand, likely to encourage listing of large, well-reputed companies. SEC qualifying conditions for book-building set certain criteria for companies to be eligible. 4. Infrastructure Development through Capital Markets Focus on infrastructure development may see Government of Bangladesh (GoB) seek capital markets as an avenue for financing GoB plans to issue TK. 5. 0 billion (US$72mm) in securitized bonds to fund Bangabandhu Bridge. Cabinet approval for the issue of TK. 42 billion (US$650mm) in bonds to fund Padma Bridge likely. Plans to construct second bridge over Padma at a cost of US$1. 89bn signals potential financing needs. Further GoB funding requirements arise from needed development in the power sector and development of roads and highways. Bangladesh Capital Markets – The Future 1. Institutionalization of the Market We expect to see more institutional investors bringing long term commitment and liquidity to the market -Longer investment horizons reduce market volatility. -Institutional investment strategies are fundamental focused rather than speculative. 2. Listing Fundamentally Sound, Well-reputed Companies With the improvement of corporate governance, we can attract sound corporations to come to capital markets -Quality scrips provide liquidity and motivation for educated investors to participate in capital markets. -Listing of large, reputable corporations attract foreign investments, increases liquidity. -Introduction of new scrips in different sectors provides investors with broader options. -Recent addition of telecom sector likely to generate interest among other large cap companies to list. -Inclusion of well reputed, large companies will reduce ability of select â€Å"investor syndicates† to manipulate prices. 3. Flotation of Mutual Funds Strong pipeline for listing of mutual funds (US $ 300mm in mutual funds expected to enter the market by mid 2010) -Provide retail investors with safer, indirect market access, preventing wealth capital losses. -Reduces dependency on retail investors, allowing institutions to bring commitment and stability to the market. -Bring much needed market stability that only institutional investors can provide. 4. Facilitation of Private Equity Investments Recent introduction of certain foreign private equity investors in Bangladesh -Provide stable flow of capital given mid to long term investment horizon of PE investments. High risk hurdles and selective investments direct PE funding to quality local corporations. 5. Inclusion in Global Indices Bangladeshi companies are now included in global indices -The Dow Jones SAFE Index already includes 5 Bangladeshi banks and a power company. -Inclusion of high quality scrips in the index can result in inclusion of our index in global indices such as MSCI Emerging Markets, etc. Other Major Future Prospects Within the next 2 years, 26 large profitable state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are going to be listed under Direct Listing Method to increase depth of the market. The Private Public Partnership (PPP) will be implemented through capital market for financing government projects. The Telecom companies (Aktel, Teletalk, and Banglalink) are interested to be listed in capital market like Grameen Phone. British High Commissioner of Bangladesh Stephen Evans has recently said about 1 million Bangladeshis living in UK are willing to invest in the capital market. Bangladesh Shipping Corporation (BSC) is almost ready to float the share and it is expected that it will raise TK. 50 billion from the market Power and energy sectors demand for capital is 5 to 10 billion dollar within short time to meet the immediate needs of 5000 MW power demand. Introducing book-building method that is well accepted by everybody and it is expected that the SOEs will also be off-loaded through the method. A deep-sea port requiring 1 billion dollar is going to start with a policy decision that it will also be listed. Export oriented food processing industry needs huge capital and technical capacity to meet the growing standards in global market for marine food, fruits and poultry. IT sector with our talented developers, yet to demonstrate the massive potentials of software industry of the country. Problems of the Capital Market in Bangladesh The unexpected rise and fall in share prices are mostly followed from the general confidence of the investors about political stability, euphoria of investment in shares, prospect of quick capital gains, a vacuum in respect of institutional presence in the share market, monopolistic dominance of member brokers, inefficiency of the SECS to cope up with the developments, xistence to Kerb market, and absence of proper application of circuit breaker etc. Delivery versus payment mechanism was used as one of the main vehicles of manipulation. Kerb market gave birth fake and forged share certificates. Although there are increasing trends in all the indicators, DSE, CSE are not free from problems. The problems of DSE, CSE may be summarized as under: 1. Price manipulation It has been observed that the share values of some profitable companies has been increased fictitiously some items that hampers the smooth operation of Stock market. 2. Delays in Settlement: Financing procedures and delivery of securities sometimes take an unusual long time for which the money is blocked from nothing. 3. Irregulations in Dividends: Some companies do not hold Annual General Meeting (AGM) and eventually declare dividends that confused the shareholders about the financial positions of the company 4. Selection of Membership: Some members being the directors of listed companies of DSE, CSE look for their own interest using their internal information of share market. 5. Improper financial statement: Many companies do not focus real position of the company as some audit firms involve in corruption while preparing financial statements. As a result the shareholders as well as investors do not have any idea about position of that company OTHER PROBLEMS The concept of centralization of the securities market has not been implemented that arises technical problems and political infighting. The intrinsic values for securities traded are sometimes estimated without considering the current market prices of the securities. The absence of comprehensive legal and supervisory framework. Lack of skilled manpower as well as financial and non-financial institutions involved in the securities market. The lack of proper policy framework that provides incentives and protection to investors. The dominance of bigger public sector and borrowing of public sector as well as government form the institutional sources rather than the market. Suggestions to Improve the Activities of Capital Market To introduce automated monitoring system that may control price manipulation, malpractices and inside trading. To introduce full computerized system for settlement of transactions. To force the listed companies to publish their annual reports with actual and proper information that can ensure the interests of investors. To control and abolish kerb market form premises of stock market. To take remedial action against the issues of fake certificates. The Composite Quotation System (CQS) should be introduced and implemented that available the exchange specialist bid-ask quotes to the subscribers. To create arrangement to set-up merchant banks, investment banks and floatation of more mutual funds particularly in the private sectors. Banks, insurance companies and other financial institution should be encouraged deal in share business directly. The brokers should not be allowed to deal in the Scripps on their own accounts. The management of DSE and CSE should be vested with professionals and should not in any way be linked with the ownership of stock exchange and other firms. Conclusion To expedite the market development process, it may be a good idea to decide on certain milestones and link them to the disbursement of Development Credit Support of the World Bank. The government is making good progress in other sectors, including monetary management, corporatisation of public-sector banks and others through this linkage. The missing link between the SEC, Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission and other regulatory bodies is now getting established. Individually, they were not serving each other’s interests, and there was no effective coordination among them, hence the country was deprived of great initiatives. A dedicated financial market cell at the Ministry of Finance could be formed to coordinate with these regulators as well as other ministries. In terms of creating market depth, more state-owned-enterprises that are profitable should be listed. The supply of securities can be increased if the SOEs are allowed to operate through the stock exchanges. Floatation of SOE scrips is expected to expand the market by couple of times. Corporatisation of SOEs will bring in transparency as well as confidence on the government financial system. The Bangladesh capital market still has a long way to go. The recent measures taken by the transitional government have already begun to influence the markets positively. If more investor friendly policy reforms were to be implemented, the capital market will undoubtedly play a critical role in leading Bangladesh towards being the next Asian tiger with growth comparable to India, Vietnam and the other most dynamic economies in the region. Appended Part Index DSE: Dhaka Stock Exchange CSE: Chittagong stock Exchange DGEN: DSE General Index CSCX: CSE Selective Categories Index SOEs: State-Owned Enterprises SEC: Securities Exchange Commission CQS: Composite Quotation System AGM: Annual General Meeting BSC: Bangladesh Shipping Corporation GoB: Government of Bangladesh FSA: Financial Services Authority in UK IPO: Initial Public Offering CDBL: Central Depository Bangladesh Limited BSB: Bangladesh Shilpa Bank BSRS: Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shashta ICB: Investment Corporation of Bangladesh Data Sources http://www. dsebd. org http://www. csebd. com http://www. scribd. com/document http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capital_market http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stock_exchange

How to Get Your CDL in Tennessee and South Dakota

How to Get Your CDL in Tennessee and South Dakota If you live in Tennessee or South Dakota and want to learn about getting a CDL, this article will guide you through the process. For information on all other states, TheJobNetwork has put together a great guide on applying for a CDL in all states. TennesseeThe following people need to apply for a CDL:Operators of any vehicle or combination of vehicles weighing more than 26,000 pounds.Anyone transporting hazardous materialsAnyone transporting more than  15 passengers including the driverAnyone operating a  vehicle used as a school busCDL applicants must bring the following documents when applying for a license:a valid DOT Medical Cardproof of a  Social Security Numbera Tennessee driver’s license or ID, or a valid driver license or CDL from another state.proof (2 documents) of domicile in Tennesseeproof of U.S. Citizenship or Lawful Permanent Resident StatusObtaining a CDL learner’s permitTo obtain a permit, you must take and pass the CDL general knowledge test. Dri ver Service Centers throughout the state offer this   and the knowledge tests for any endorsement needed.Knowledge TestYou will need to take a  knowledge test or tests, depending on what class of license and what endorsements you need.The general knowledge test is taken by all applicants.The passenger transport test is taken by all bus driver applicants.The air brakes test is taken if your vehicle has air brakes, including air over hydraulic brakes.The combination vehicles test is required if you want to drive combination vehicles.The hazardous materials test is required if you want to haul hazardous materials as defined in 49 CFR 383.5.The tanker test is required if you want to haul a liquid or liquid gas in a permanently mounted cargo tank rated at 119 gallons or more or a portable tank rated at 1,000 gallons or more.The doubles/triples test is required if you want to pull double or triple trailers.The school bus test is required if you want to drive a school bus.Skills TestsI f you pass the required knowledge test(s), you can take the CDL skills tests, which include  pre-trip inspection, basic vehicle control, and on-road driving.The pre-trip inspection test involves a pre-trip vehicle inspection on your own vehicle. You will be tested to see if you know whether your vehicle is safe to drive, and explain to the examiner what you would inspect and why.The basic vehicle control part tests your skill controlling the vehicle. You will be asked to move your vehicle forward, backward, and turn it within a defined area.The on-road test asks you  to safely drive your vehicle in a variety of traffic situations. The situations may include left and right turns, intersections, railroad crossings, curves, up and down grades, single or multi-lane roads, streets, or highways.South DakotaYou must have a South Dakota CDL to operate:A single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001+ poundsA trailer with a GVWR of 10,001+ pounds if the gross combination weight rating is 26,001 or more pounds.A vehicle designed to transport 16+ people (including the driver)Any size vehicle that  requires hazardous materials placards or is carrying material listed as a select agent or toxinThe following people cannot get  a South Dakota CDL:Anyone  under the age of 18Anyone who has a license under suspension, revocation, cancellation, or disqualificationAnyone who isn’t a resident of South DakotaAnyone  who has accumulated child support arrearages of $1,000 or moreCommercial Drivers Learner’s Permit (CLP)You can obtain a CLP  if you are  at least 18 years old and hold a valid Class 1 or Class 2 operator’s license. A  CLP is valid for no more than 180 days from the date of issuance and may be renewed once in the 1-year period from the issuance date for an additional 180 days without requiring the CLP holder to retake the general and specialized knowledge tests.A 14 day waiting period is required between the issue date of the CLP and to the da te it can be converted to a CDL.Obtaining  a CDLAfter passing the required knowledge test(s), you can be issued a CLP and then take the CDL skills tests. Your CLP must contain all endorsements and restrictions necessary to complete the skills test. There are three types of general skills that will be tested: pre-trip inspection, basic vehicle control, and on-road driving. You must take these tests in the type of vehicle for which you wish to be licensed.The pre-trip inspection test involves a pre-trip vehicle inspection on your own vehicle. You will be tested to see if you know whether your vehicle is safe to drive, and explain to the examiner what you would inspect and why.The basic vehicle control part tests your skill controlling the vehicle. You will be asked to move your vehicle forward, backward, and turn it within a defined area.The on-road test asks you  to safely drive your vehicle in a variety of traffic situations. The situations may include left and right turns, inte rsections, railroad crossings, curves, up and down grades, single or multi-lane roads, streets, or highways.

Self-assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self-assessment - Essay Example It also determines individuals about their strengths and limitations in specific areas. It acts as a reflective evaluation for one, which is beneficial in recognition and making respective changes accordingly. 1a. Through the questioner of procrastinator and deliberate decision- maker, I came across with the knowledge that I have a blended style of decision making and I have emotional stability and conscientiousness. I do not rush myself especially in rational decisions. Although, I do rush in personal matters like eating, walking and reaching on time, but I take time for decisions so I can assess the pros and cons of it. Thus, with the help of rational model I can change my habit of occasional rash decision making as well. Delaying or postponing tasks on hand increases work stress and hence, one regrets on the wasted time which cannot be turned back. I found that I tend to put tasks in pending and realize about the delay as well, but none practical approach was adopted by me to change the habit of postponing. Through the score of 28, I came to realize that this habit can prevail and can become a reason of regret for me in future. Therefore, I intend to change this habit of delaying tasks and put it on the top of my new-year resolution list .However, it sometimes helps me in making clear decisions after analysing all the aspects. The score of my emotional intelligence discovered that I might perform better in jobs of sale and management, where targets are achieved through interpersonal skills and working in team describes one’s ability to manage work and differences effectively. Though, EI is genetically coded, but flexibility to accept differences can make one more comfortable with others either at work or in personal life. 1b. The reward determining grid indicated that I am motivated through material rewards and would prefer to work in non challenging environments. It

Artists transform what were originally oral and literary stories into Essay

Artists transform what were originally oral and literary stories into images - Essay Example example is that to consumers who were viable to be being swindled by different financial institution, the act required that they were to be given credit counseling before being asked to sign any document (American Law Institute-American Bar Association Committee on Continuing Professional Education., 2005). This prevents against such occurrences like surrendering homes because one is not capable to pay up his or her mortgage. The Act has created awareness and as such foolish decisions which were taken by the consumers in the past like loan problems and challenges in meeting credit card payments have been properly addresses as everything is now understand to consumers in a clearer language than it used to be in the past. The Act exists to ensure that there is a debt reaffirmation agreements between the debtor and creditor, limits the lien stripping and tightens the discharge rules on claims thus making the Act effective in the both the development and well being of both parties involved. American Law Institute-American Bar Association Committee on Continuing Professional Education. (2005). Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005: ALI-ABA course of study materials. Philadelphia, Pa: American Law Institute-American Bar Association Committee on Continuing Professional

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications Essay Example for Free

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications Essay If the success of Bluetooth is measured by its initial interest alone then its prominence has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became recognized worldwide. Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to comment about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With membership of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to look at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is important when you consider other wireless technologies that share the same ISM band, e.g. IEEE802.11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiation is key in avoiding confusion of potential users. Figure 3: Bluetooth SIG Administrative Structure In 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications began to examine alternatives to cables linking accessories with their mobile phones. This study produced the initial specification for wireless technology, with the Bluetooth SIG founded in February 1998 by the core promoters: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. Intel Corp. IBM Corp. Toshiba Corp. Nokia Mobile Phones. The core promoters announced the global SIG in May 1998 and invited other companies to join as Bluetooth adopters. In July 1999 the core promoters published version 1.0 of the specification and further enlarged the core promoter group in December 1998 with the inclusion of: v Microsoft v Lucent (now Agere) v 3Com. v Motorola. The responsibility for the various Bluetooth specifications is in the hands of the individual technical working groups. Once a specification reaches a version level 0.5 it is made visible to associate members. An associate members must be recommended by a promoter, and submit a fee. When a specification reaches version 1.0 it gets a higher level of visibility. Now adopters have visibility and any company can become an adopter by joining the SIG, signing and submitting the membership agreement (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). The Bluetooth specifications are open specifications for wireless communications that are free to download and use; however to use it royalty free you do have to join the SIG. By joining the group you sign up to an adopter’s agreement sharing any patents essential for implementing Bluetooth. The specifications define minimum functionality allowing devices from different companies to communicate (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). . They provide the following: o  Ã‚   Protocol definitions for interoperability o  Ã‚   Host controller interface o  Ã‚   Bearer services for higher layer protocols o  Ã‚   Profiles o  Ã‚   Qualification o  Ã‚   Production test o  Ã‚   Brand book The Bluetooth specifications define the concept of a Personal Area Network (PAN), what they do not provide helps to position it in the ISM band. It is not focussed on Wide Area Networking (WAN) as it has a limited range and currently there is no hand over mechanism, though there is a working group. They do not provide implementation instructions at the application programming interfaces, user interfaces or a definition of hardware and software split. Although it could be argued there is guidance in the profiles’ specification. The rest of this section breaks down the specifications encompassing the key aspects of Bluetooth in order to explain the features (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). A.2.1 The Protocol Stack The Bluetooth specifications define not only a radio system but cover the underlying structure. The Core Specification contains a software protocol stack similar to the more familiar Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) standard reference model for communication protocol stacks. It permits applications to discover devices, the services they offer and permission to use these services. The stack is a sequence of layers with features crossing single or multiple layered boundaries. Figure 4 outlines the stack with each block corresponding to a Core Specification chapter. Other remaining chapters relate to compliance requirements, test modes and test control interface (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). If we ascend the stack, we first come across the fundamental component, the radio. The radio modulates and demodulates data for transmitting and receiving over the air. The operating band of the radio is divided into 1 MHz spaced channels with a chosen modulation scheme of Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK). Each channel is specified to signal at 1mega symbols per second, equivalent to 1 Mb/s. Above the radio are the Baseband and Link Controller, they are responsible for controlling the physical links via the radio, and assembling the packets and controlling the frequency hopping (see â€Å"Bluetooth†. Progressing through the layers, the Link Manager (LM) controls and configures links to other devices. The Host Controller Interface (HCI) is above the LM layer and is probably one of the most important layers to consider as a designer. It handles communication between host and the module. The standard defines the HCI command packets that the host uses to control the module, the event packets used by the host to inform lower protocol layers of changes, the data packets for voice and data traffic between host and module and the transport layer used by the HCI packets. The transport layer can be USB (H2), RS232 (H3), UART (4) or a robust proprietary standard such as BCSP (BlueCore Serial Protocol). The Logical Link Control and Adaptation (L2CAP) is a multiplexor, adapting data from higher layers and converting between different packet sizes. The next 4 layers could be loosely grouped as communication interfaces. These are RFCOMM (Radio Frequency COMMunication port) which provides an RS232 like serial interface. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and OBject EXchange (OBEX) are responsible for providing interfaces to other Communications Protocols. The final member of this rough grouping is the Telephony Control protocol Specification (TCS) providing telephony services. Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) lets devices discover the services available on another Bluetooth device (see â€Å"Bluetooth†). Figure 4: The Bluetooth Protocol Stack The application layer is probably obvious, but the standard provides Profiles laying out rules for how applications use the protocol stack, ensuring interoperability at application level (see â€Å"Bluetooth†).

Specialists Create Market Efficiency :: essays papers

Specialists Create Market Efficiency The NYSE should not abolish specialists. Both the NYSE and NASDAQ, however, need to realize that their relative trading volumes will continue to deteriorate as ECN's become more and more popular. The need for secondary and third markets will be diminished, however they still offer liquidity, so in some shape or form they will always be fashionable to certain types of investors. The current system established within NYSE is very old and outdated. For any single trade, a number of players must be involved. First, an investor places a buy or sell order to a broker. The brokerage firm then contacts its commission broker, who is actually on the floor, to consummate the order. In this rigid and time consuming system, the specialist plays a major part in any trade. Any buying or selling in a particular stock takes place at the specialists post. A computer monitor shows all bid and ask prices for a stock in addition to the number of shares they are willing to buy or sell at the given bid ask price. Basically, Specialists execute the trades of other brokers, but they can also buy or sell shares for their own portfolios. When no other broker can be found to take the other end of a trade, the specialist must take the end of the trade where no one else can be found to do so. This is done to create liquidity, and is one of the biggest benefits to this system. Also, t his type of trading creates an auction market, where buyers and sellers are together in one location, and the best buy or sell orders win trades. They also act as a dealer when they have to execute a trade when there isn't a buyer or seller available using their own inventory. Again, this is meant to facilitate liquidity. NYSE stocks, until recently, couldn't trade certain NYSE stocks outside of a formal stock exchange, however the NYSE has since abolished this rule. This has created a small trading volume of NYSE stocks over ECN's. The current system on NASDAQ and most other OTC's incorporates dealers, who offer bid and ask prices to brokers who execute trades based on a listing of the current quotes from dealers. Although this is a very liquid market, dealers typically take a spread from the bid/ask price in exchange for the risk that they incur for holding the security.